💡 Lighting Guide

How Many Recessed Lights Do I Need? Room-by-Room Guide

Master the 4-foot spacing rule, calculate the perfect number of lights, and learn professional placement strategies for every room in your San Diego home.

8 min read
Expert Electricians
Updated Dec 2024

The Golden Rule: 4-Foot Spacing

The most important principle in recessed lighting is the 4-foot spacing rule. This means lights should be spaced approximately 4 feet apart from each other and 2 feet from walls. This creates even, shadow-free illumination without dark spots or overly bright areas.

Quick Formula

Number of Lights = (Room Length × Room Width) ÷ 16
This gives you a baseline for 4-foot spacing in standard 8-9 foot ceilings.

Living Room Recessed Lighting

Typical living room (15' × 18'): 6-8 recessed lights

  • Layout: Grid pattern with 4-foot spacing between lights
  • Beam angle: 40-60° for general ambient lighting
  • Pro tip: Add dimmers to control mood and save energy
  • Lumens: 700-1000 lumens per fixture (60-75W equivalent)

Kitchen Recessed Lighting

Typical kitchen (12' × 15'): 8-12 recessed lights

  • Task lighting: 3-4 feet apart over countertops and work areas
  • Beam angle: Narrow 30° beam over islands for focused task lighting
  • Color temperature: 3000K-4000K (bright white for tasks)
  • Lumens: 1000-1200 lumens per fixture for bright task lighting

Kitchen Pro Tip

Combine recessed lights with under-cabinet lighting for the best results. Recessed lights provide ambient lighting while under-cabinet lights eliminate shadows on countertops.

Bedroom Recessed Lighting

Master bedroom (14' × 16'): 4-6 recessed lights

  • Layout: Fewer lights with dimmers for a relaxing atmosphere
  • Color temperature: 2700K-3000K (warm white for relaxation)
  • Placement: Avoid placing directly over the bed
  • Lumens: 500-700 lumens per fixture for softer lighting

Bathroom Recessed Lighting

Standard bathroom (8' × 10'): 4-6 recessed lights

  • Wet-rated fixtures: Required in showers and above tubs
  • Mirror lighting: Place lights 3 feet apart flanking the mirror
  • Color temperature: 3000K-4000K (accurate color rendering for grooming)
  • Code requirement: Must be GFCI protected

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Don't Do This

  • ❌ Spacing lights more than 6 feet apart
  • ❌ Using the same wattage in every room
  • ❌ Installing non-IC rated fixtures near insulation
  • ❌ Forgetting dimmer compatibility

Do This Instead

  • ✅ Follow the 4-foot spacing rule
  • ✅ Adjust lumens based on room function
  • ✅ Use IC-rated fixtures in insulated ceilings
  • ✅ Choose dimmable LED bulbs from the start

Beam Angles Explained

The beam angle determines how wide the light spreads. Choosing the right angle is just as important as the number of lights.

Narrow Beam (15°-30°)

Best for: Accent lighting, artwork, architectural features, kitchen islands

Medium Beam (40°-60°)

Best for: General ambient lighting, living rooms, bedrooms, hallways

Wide Beam (80°-120°)

Best for: Low ceilings, small rooms, even general illumination

Ceiling Height Adjustments

Standard spacing assumes 8-9 foot ceilings. Adjust your spacing based on ceiling height:

  • 10-12 foot ceilings: Increase spacing to 5-6 feet and use higher lumen output (1000-1500 lumens)
  • 7 foot ceilings: Reduce spacing to 3 feet and use lower lumen output (400-600 lumens)
  • Vaulted ceilings: Consult a professional for angled mounting and proper coverage

Installation Cost in San Diego

Professional recessed lighting installation typically costs:

  • Per light installation $150-$300
  • New circuit required +$400-$800
  • Typical living room (6 lights) $900-$1,800
  • Whole house (20-30 lights) $3,000-$6,000

DIY Warning

Recessed lighting installation requires cutting into ceilings, running new wiring, and ensuring proper electrical connections. Improper installation can cause fire hazards, code violations, and expensive repairs. Always hire a licensed electrician for this work.

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